Peptide Blog

Thymosin beta-4 fragments (Tβ4) is a 43-amino acid peptide first isolated from calf thymus and classified as a major G-actin-sequestering molecule within eukaryotic cells. It belongs to the β-thymosin family. Researchers believe this class of peptide may contribute to the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Due to its ubiquitous expression and...

ACE-031 peptide, also referred to as Ramatercept, is recognized by researchers as a recombinant protein engineered by fusing the extracellular component of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) with the Fc region of IgG1. This design is suggested to support the protein’s theoretical function as a decoy receptor with high affinity for several ligands in the...

Retatrutide is a novel investigational peptide positioned by researchers specializing in the expanding field of multi-agonist agents as an agent relevant to targeted metabolic regulation. The peptide has been classified as a GGG tri-agonist. Retatrutide has been hypothesized to display simultaneous activity at three key receptor systems implicated in energy homeostasis: the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor...

Kisspeptin-10 (also referred to as “KP-10”) is a short bioactive peptide fragment of the kisspeptin family, originating from proteolytic processing of a 145-amino acid precursor encoded by the KISS1 gene. This gene product is believed to undergo sequential cleavage, yielding several functional fragments, including kisspeptin-54, kisspeptin-14, kisspeptin-13, and the decapeptide Kp-10. Among these, Kp-10 corresponds...

Recent investigations into growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs), and analogs of growth hormone (hGH) have pointed to their potential in modulating endogenous hormone regulation. Individually and in combination, these agents may potentially influence physiological processes such as lipid mobilization, muscle composition, circadian rhythm modulation, and various systemic functions, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular...

Follistatin-344 (FST-344) is an endogenous glycoprotein widely distributed across various tissues. It is classified as an autocrine signaling molecule, meaning that scientists consider it to be synthesized and secreted by cells to bind to their own surface receptors, leading to intracellular modifications. Research suggests that Follistatin exists primarily in two isoforms, FST-317 and FST-344, with...

Copper peptides are endogenously occurring complexes formed by binding copper ions (Cu2+) to specific amino acid sequences. Among these, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK-Cu) is the most extensively studied tripeptide. However, other copper-binding peptides such as DAHK-Cu (Aspartyl-Alanyl-Histidyl-Lysine) and AHK-Cu (Alanine-Histidine-Lysine) have also been identified. These peptides have reportedly been studied for their potential roles in gene expression,...

FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso (FOXO4-DRI), also called Proxofim peptide, is a synthetic variant of the endogenous FOXO4 protein. This synthetic variant is developed with D-amino acids in place of the endogenously occurring L-amino acids. This modification was made in the hope of supporting stability by reducing susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, thereby increasing the potential to extend a cellular...

Bremelanotide, also known as PT-141, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide derived from Melanotan II (MT-II), a synthetic analog of the melanocortin hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It was initially investigated for its potential role in addressing hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in female research models, as evaluated in Phase IIb clinical trials by qualified researchers. Research...