Peptide Blog

Cardiogen is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator with the amino acid sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg (AEDR). It belongs to the class of short regulatory peptides referred to as Khavinson peptides, developed through research programs conducted at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology under the direction of Professor Vladimir Khavinson. Cardiogen is classified as a cardiac-tissue-specific bioregulator,...

The KLOW blend is a research-grade formulation comprising four structurally distinct peptides: BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157), TB-500 (Ac-LKKTETQ, the actin-binding fragment of thymosin beta-4), GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex), and KPV (Lys-Pro-Val). Each constituent engages a pharmacologically discrete molecular target. BPC-157 acts principally via VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis and the nitric oxide signaling axis. TB-500 functions through G-actin...

EDR is a synthetic tripeptide composed of three amino acids in the sequence L-glutamic acid-L-aspartic acid-L-arginine (Glu-Asp-Arg), designated in single-letter code as Pinealon. It is classified within the Khavinson peptide bioregulator framework as a cytogen, a short peptide hypothesized to modulate gene expression in targeted tissue types through direct interaction with cellular DNA. The term...

Biopeptide EL is the commercial designation for a synthetic lipopeptide formally classified under the INCI as Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12. Biopeptide EL is composed of a hexapeptide sequence Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG), covalently conjugated at its N-terminus to palmitic acid (C16:0), a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid chain. This palmitoyl conjugation confers amphiphilic character upon the molecule, yielding a lipopeptide...

Body Protection Compound-157 (BPC157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids. It is derived from a partial sequence of a gastric protective protein identified in gastric juice. The complete amino acid sequence of BPC157 is Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val. BPC157 has a molecular formula of C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₁₂ and a molecular weight of approximately 1419.5 g/mol (PubChem CID...

Copper peptides are a class of naturally occurring and synthetically reproduced small peptide and copper ion complexes in which Cu²⁺ coordinates with specific amino acid sequences to form stable chelate structures. Three members of this class have received the most extensive research attention: glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) (GHK-Cu), aspartyl-alanyl-histidyl-lysine copper(II) (DAHK-Cu), and alanyl-histidyl-lysine copper(II) (AHK-Cu). Each exhibits...

The Modified GRF 1-29 and GHRP-2 peptide blend is a dual-component research formulation combining a stabilized growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog with a synthetic ghrelin-mimetic hexapeptide. Modified GRF 1-29 (also designated CJC-1295 without DAC, or tetra-substituted GRF(1-29)) targets the GHRH receptor (GHRH-R), a Class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on anterior pituitary somatotroph cells....

The Fragment 176-191, Modified GRF 1-29, and Ipamorelin peptide blend is a research-grade tri-component formulation combining three structurally and mechanistically distinct synthetic peptides. Fragment 176-191 (also designated hGH Frag 176-191, AOD-9604, or Tyr-hGH 177-191) is a synthetic C-terminal hexadecapeptide fragment of human growth hormone (hGH), engineered to isolate the lipolytic domain of the hGH polypeptide....

PNC-27 is a synthetic chimeric peptide engineered to engage the double minute-2 protein (HDM-2; the broader mammalian homolog of murine MDM-2) expressed on the plasma membranes of cancer cells. The peptide incorporates two functionally distinct domains: an HDM-2-binding sequence derived from the transactivating segment of the tumor suppressor protein p53 (residues 12-26), and a cell-penetrating...