Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) (200mg)

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) Peptide

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) is a modified analog of the naturally occurring pentapeptide leu-enkephalin, which is part of a class of peptides called enkephalins which are believed to directly interact with opioid receptors.^[1] Structurally, Pentapeptide-18 differs from leu-enkephalin by the addition of D-Alanine in place of glycine at its second position. Pentapeptide-18 is thought to penetrate the epidermal barrier and influence cellular processes that affect muscle cell contraction. Studies suggest that it acts by modulating calcium release in neuronal synapses. By interfering with the signals that trigger muscle contraction, Pentapeptide-18 may help to relax muscles, reducing the formation of fine lines and wrinkles across the skin barrier. Additionally, modified versions of Pentapeptide-18 may interact with melanin production pathways, which is a pigment responsible for adding color to tissues and may play a protective role against UV radiation. By potentially influencing melanin synthesis, modified versions of Pentapeptide-18 may offer research value in skin tissue studies.

Specifications

Sequence: Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu

Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₉N₅O₇

Molecular Weight: 569.65 g/mol

Synonyms: Leuphasyl; NSC-374895

Pentapeptide-18 Research

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) and Muscle Cell Contraction
Some researchers suggest that Pentapeptide-18 may have the potential to suppress the release of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter considered to play a key role in muscle cell contraction.^[2] The proposed mechanism involves a possible decrease in acetylcholine secretion within the synaptic cleft—the space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals. This hypothesis is based on the typical function of enkephalins, which are believed to inhibit neurotransmitter release, and it is thought that Pentapeptide-18 might mimic this property. This inhibition might be mediated through the modulation of calcium influx into presynaptic neurons—the nerve cells that release neurotransmitters. Calcium ions are crucial for exocytosis, the process by which neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. A reduction in intracellular calcium levels is often associated with decreased neurotransmitter secretion. Therefore, it is conceivable that Pentapeptide-18 may contribute to this pathway, possibly by imitating the regulatory actions of enkephalins on calcium channels.

In addition to its potential impact on glutamate, Pentapeptide-18 may also decrease the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate by about 11%.^[3] Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that facilitates the transmission of signals between nerve cells. This observation was reportedly made after two months of experimentation in a specific study. If Pentapeptide-18 does reduce glutamate release, it may influence neurotransmitter pathways involved in controlling muscle contractions just beneath the skin's surface. By potentially modulating glutamate levels, Pentapeptide-18 might hypothetically lead to decreased muscle activity in active tissues, thereby possibly reducing the formation and depth of skin creasing and wrinkling.

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) and Wrinkle Reduction
Pentapeptide-18 research in experimental models suggests that it may inhibit electrical impulses at the neuromuscular junction—the synaptic space that connects the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle. Due to this, Pentapeptide-18 may cause a decrease in muscle tone and contraction,^[4] thereby potentially preventing an increase in wrinkle development, depth, and length. Studies report that Pentapeptide-18 appeared to decrease wrinkles in experimental models. The researchers commented that “The size of the wrinkles trajectory was smaller with the following average: 34.7% for frontal region (inter eye-brows zone); 28.4% for periorbital zone”.^[5] Experiments by Dr. Howard Maibach, Professor of Dermatology at the University of California, reported that after presenting Leuphasyl for 28 days, 5% of Pentapeptide-18 alone appeared to reduce wrinkles by about 11%,^[6] while 5% of Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) in combination with 5% of Argireline appeared to reduce wrinkles on average to about 25%, at maximum values of about 47%. The mean wrinkle reductions were 11.64% vs. 16.26% vs. 24.62% for Pentapeptide-18, Argireline, and their combination, respectively. In this context, Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) may potentially prevent the development of wrinkles in the skin barrier, while the attached molecule, GHK-Cu and Argireline, may be an ancillary to reduce any lines formed. Researchers generally consider Pentapeptide-18 to be preferable to paralytic compounds as it may be incorporated into cream form. Pentapeptide-18 may be incorporated into cream form due to its apparent ability to penetrate skin cells, as posited by in vitro experiments. Its potential may also include the reduction of muscle spasms, which contribute to migraines.

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) and Melanin Synthesis
Researchers suggest that adding D-tyrosine to the C-terminal end of Pentapeptide-18, and thus turning it into a hexapeptide may modify its properties and would potentially influence melanogenesis—the process by which cells produce melanin pigment.^[7] To assess the potential of these modifications, they conducted experiments using melanoma MNT-1 cells—a type of skin cancer cells known for melanin production. The preliminary results tentatively suggest that altering the peptide's structure might affect melanogenesis. Specifically, the presence of D-tyrosine at the C-terminal end appeared to potentially reduce melanin production in these cells. Potential implications of these findings suggest that the peptide may reduce hyperpigmentation in experimental models.

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