DSIP (5mg)

DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)

DSIP is a neuropeptide that may influence diverse endocrine and physiological pathways involved in the central nervous system. DSIP is of key interest as it was developed to help combat oxidative stress and normalize myocardial contractility. The peptide is considered a potential research candidate in studies of major depressive disorder. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a naturally occurring peptide of short length. The molecule’s name came about due researchers’ speculation of its potential to induce sleep in rabbits, and because it was first isolated from the brains of rats during slow-wave sleep (in 1977).^[1] Researchers have gradually explored its function in different endocrine and physiological roles. DSIP appears to influence levels of corticotropin, inhibit the production of somatostatin, reduce stress hormone secretion, maintain normal blood pressure, alter sleep patterns, and also may impact pain perception.^[2]

Specifications

Other Known Titles: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide

Molecular Formula: C₃₅H₄₈N₁₀O₁₅

Molecular Weight: 848.81 g/mol

Sequence: Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu

DSIP Research

DSIP and Sleep Activity
Extensive research has been conducted to establish the connection between the peptide and sleep. Despite the initial findings in rabbits, it was tough to establish the pattern in which DSIP affects sleep. In some findings, it did not influence sleep at all.^[3] In some, the peptide favored slow-wave sleepover paradoxical sleep. Interestingly, there were other groups whose research noted that the molecule appeared to cause arousal in the first hour of sleep followed by sedation in the second hour of sleep. In totality, it was observed that DSIP may help to bring about a normalized sleeping pattern and eliminate any dysfunction in sleep cycles. Possibly the most relevant work regarding the regulation of sleep by DSIP has been conducted in the backdrop of insomnia.^[4] The results have suggested that the peptide has the potential to improve sleep patterns in animal research models. Other studies have further highlighted that it may improve sleep structure and decrease sleep latency in chronic insomnia. However, even though polysomnographic studies have shown that DSIP may induce statistically significant improvement in sleep, sufficient research material is still weak.

DSIP and Depression
Scientists have investigated the role of DSIP in altering mitochondrial activity under hypoxic conditions. The peptide was observed to have the potential to prevent changes in monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and serotonin levels. This finding suggests that the peptide may have an impact on the course of depression.^[8] DSIP abundance has been observed to be lower in cerebrospinal fluid of research models of depression compared to the same controls. Sleep and depression are considered to be closely related; a molecule that regulates sleep may likely have action in depressive behavior.  However, there has been no scientific approach that aims to balance the DSIP level to date. It has, however, been linked to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

DSIP and Metabolism
Studies on rat models have highlighted that Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide may help change stress-related metabolic fluctuations,^[9] which may induce mitochondria to switch from oxygen-dependent to oxygen-independent respiration. The latter is considered less efficient and brings about toxic metabolic byproduct formation. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide may promote oxidative phosphorylation even in hypoxic conditions and can thus be impactful in stroke or heart attack. It appears to assist normal metabolic function and thus reverses the damage caused by oxygen deprivation, protecting tissues until blood flow is restored. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide research suggests that DSIP may host anti-oxidant characteristics, potentially preventing free radical formation.

DSIP and Withdrawal, Addiction
DSIP research noted improvement in animal research models of withdrawal during ethanol and opiate detoxification. Study findings resulted in 97% and 87% recovery rates for ethanol and opiate withdrawals, respectively. Opiate withdrawal may require DSIP exposure for a longer tenure, as this addiction is considered more resistant alteration.

DSIP and Cancer Cells
Researchers have explored the possibility of mitigating the onset of cancer cell proliferation. Initial research on DSIP has put forth its potential in acting as a possible cancer cell-mitigating agent, which may boost the immune system to seek out and eliminate rogue cells before they metastasize. Studies have observed that female mice exposed to DSIP for 5 consecutive days of every month starting at the age of 3 months till their death exhibited a 2.6-fold reduction in the development of tumors compared to parallel control groups. There has also been a corresponding 22.6% reduction in the frequency of chromosomal defects in the bone marrow of the DSIP-exposed mice. Research in this area is still ongoing.

DSIP and Muscle Cells
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide was first discovered in the brains of rabbits during slow-wave sleep and has since been involved with sleep research and central nervous system-mediated control of sleep-wake cycles. Not much is known about DSIP synthesis. High Levels of Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide present in both tissues of CNS and peripheral tissues suggest that the peptide may be produced outside CNS, and its primary function might not be regulation of sleep. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide is also considered to be a hypothalamic hormone that influences more than just sleep. In one study, Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide has been suggested to inhibit somatostatin, a protein produced in muscle cells that inhibits muscle growth.^[4] By inhibiting somatostatin, Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide may contribute to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in skeletal muscle. Such direct inhibitory action appears surprising for a peptide originally thought to be primarily involved in sleep promotion. This has triggered speculation that the peptide might have a larger and more universal role in influencing physiology.
In animal models, Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide has been observed to help regulate blood pressure, heart rate, thermogenesis, and the lymphokine system. Some of these processes appear before any signs of sleep, indicating that Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide may actually play a role in altering physiology to prepare the organism for sleep onset.

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References