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PE-22-28 (8mg)

PE-22-28 (8mg)

(29 customer reviews)

$55.00

PE-22-28 peptides are Synthesized and Lyophilized in the USA.

Discount per Quantity

Quantity 5 - 910 +
Discount 5%10%
Price $52.25$49.50

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SKU: PE-22-28-8mg Category:

Description

PE-22-28 Peptide

PE-22-28 is a synthetic variant of the naturally occurring peptide Spadin. Spadin is a secreted peptide obtained from Sortilin. It appears to act as an antagonist of the TREK-1 (TWIK-related-potassium channel) receptor, a two-pore potassium channel identified as a potential target in the context of depression research and as a possible neurogenic regulator. Studies in mice have suggested that TREK-1 receptor deletion may make them resistant to depressive behavior and corresponding chemical imbalances in the brain.[1] Sortilin exposure may also lead to resistance by promoting neuronal growth and intersynaptic connections. PE-22-28 represents the group of synthetic Spadin analogs with potentially higher efficacy and stability than Spadin. Neurogenesis is a long-term consequence noted in prolonged research studies examining certain anti-depressant compounds. Neuronal growth indicates the efficacy of such substances. Research studies suggest PE-22-28 has the potential to act more rapidly, inducing neurogenesis after just four days. Research in animal models is ongoing.

Specifications

Other Known Titles: Spadin Analog, PE2228, TREK-1 Antagonist, PE 22 28, Sortilin Derivative, PE 2228

Sequence: GVSWGLR

Molecular Formula: C35H55N11O9

Molecular Weight: 773.8947 g/mol

PE-22-28 Research

PE-22-28 and TREK-1 Receptors
TREK-1 is a cognate receptor for Spadin and, therefore, researchers suggest it may be for PE-22-28 as well. It is a two-pore potassium channel regulated by several different molecules and is considered to regulate neuronal excitability.[2] TREK-1 appears to be abundant in the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. By reducing the neuron’s excitability, TREK-1 may help protect against excitotoxicity. Researchers suggest PE-22-28 has the potential to relieve neurogenic depression controlled by the TREK-1 channel. PE-22-28 may potentially reverse the loss of hippocampal volume by stimulating neurogenesis.[3,4]

PE-22-28 Peptide and Post-Stroke Depression
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is considered to be a common symptom of post-brain ischemia and may be caused by TREK-1 overexpression. In mouse model experiments, this upregulation may be suppressed or reversed via SSRI anti-depressant compounds as well as TREK-1 blockers like Spadin.[5]The researchers reveal that “These findings point out spadin as a putative antidepressant of new generation with a rapid onset of action. Spadin can be regarded as the first natural antidepressant peptide identified. It corresponds to a new concept to address … depression.”

PE-22-28 Peptide and Neurogenesis
PE-22-28 appears to promote neurogenesis but in a shorter duration of time. Studies in mice suggest that PE-22-28 has the potential to increase neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in as little as four days.[6] CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a transcription factor associated with neuronal plasticity, memory formation, and the development of spatial memory.[7] CREB appears to be a necessary component in not just the growth of neurons but also in their protection. It has been suggested by research in animal models that removing the TREK-1 channel may be disastrous for the organism. In previous mouse models, knockout of TREK-1 increased the likelihood of seizure activity significantly and reduced the normal ability of this two-pore potassium channel to protect neurons from excitotoxicity. It came as a  surprise then that neither Spadin nor PE-22-28 appeared to enhance seizure activity following these experiments. Even more interesting is the fact that mice exposed to Spadin were reported by researchers to appear more resistant to developing generalized seizures. Research in animal models is ongoing.

PE-22-28 Peptide and Muscle Function
There is some research to suggest that TREK-1 plays a role in the ability of a muscle to respond to mechanical stimulation.[8] Scientists note that “Application of negative pressure to cell-attached patches (-20 mmHg) caused a 19-fold increase in the open probability (NPo) of … TREK-1 channels.” In particular, TREK-1 blockade appears to increase contractility in muscle tissue, while activation of the channel appears to promote muscle relaxation. While this particular aspect of the TREK-1 channel is still in the early stages of the investigation, it is becoming increasingly important. There is hope that understanding the role of molecules like PE-22-28 in muscle contraction and relaxation may provide new research modalities for conditions like myogenic bladder dysfunction and may also open up new pathways for understanding the physiology of muscle performance.

Disclaimer: The products mentioned are not intended for human or animal consumption. Research chemicals are intended solely for laboratory experimentation and/or in-vitro testing. Bodily introduction of any sort is strictly prohibited by law. All purchases are limited to licensed researchers and/or qualified professionals. All information shared in this article is for educational purposes only.

 

References

  1. Djillani A, Pietri M, Moreno S, Heurteaux C, Mazella J, Borsotto M. Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity. Front Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 12;8:643. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00643. PMID: 28955242; PMCID: PMC5601071.
  2. A. Djillani, J. Mazella, C. Heurteaux, and M. Borsotto, “Role of TREK-1 in Health and Disease, Focus on the Central Nervous System,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 10, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00379.
  3. R. S. Duman, S. Nakagawa, and J. Malberg, “Regulation of adult neurogenesis by antidepressant treatment,”Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 836–844, Dec. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00358-X.
  4. H. Moha Ou Maati et al., “Spadin as a new antidepressant: absence of TREK-1-related side effects,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 278–288, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.019.
  5. Mazella J, Pétrault O, Lucas G, Deval E, Béraud-Dufour S, Gandin C, El-Yacoubi M, Widmann C, Guyon A, Chevet E, Taouji S, Conductier G, Corinus A, Coppola T, Gobbi G, Nahon JL, Heurteaux C, Borsotto M. Spadin, a sortilin-derived peptide, targeting rodent TREK-1 channels: a new concept in the antidepressant drug design. PLoS Biol. 2010 Apr 13;8(4):e1000355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000355. PMID: 20405001; PMCID: PMC2854129.
  6. C. Devader et al., “In vitro and in vivo regulation of synaptogenesis by the novel antidepressant spadin,” Br. J. Pharmacol., vol. 172, no. 10, pp. 2604–2617, May 2015, doi: 10.1111/bph.13083.
  7. A. J. Silva, J. H. Kogan, P. W. Frankland, and S. Kida, “CREB and memory,” Annu. Rev. Neurosci., vol. 21, pp. 127–148,1998, doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.127.
  8. Q. Lei, X.-Q. Pan, S. Chang, S. B. Malkowicz, T. J. Guzzo, and A. P. Malykhina, “Response of the human detrusor to stretch is regulated by TREK-1, a two-pore-domain (K2P) mechano-gated potassium channel,” J. Physiol., vol. 592, no. 14, pp. 3013–3030, Jul. 2014, doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271718.
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Additional information

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Biotech Peptides

29 reviews for PE-22-28 (8mg)

  1. Jess Reeves –

    empresa confiable

  2. Liam Coleman –

    They holding up their own. Can’t go wrong with their peptides

  3. Susan Onuoha –

    The service was excellent, and the price was reasonable compared to others!

  4. Shane Ramirez –

    Exceptional customer service, particularly in the area of advice. Delivered on time. Was refereed here by a friend. Ty

  5. Mickael Dobre –

    I’m certain these peptides are of the highest grade. Thank you for the professionalism.

  6. Michael Yong –

    I wish there were more peptides with topical application in your range, but besides that, the overall quality of the products I’ve ordered is top-notch

  7. Genesis Ashley –

    You can really tell they care about being a good and reliable business for their customers. I actually ENJOY calling to fix a problem cause I know it’ll be fixed the first time around and quickly!!!!!

  8. Melanie Cruz –

    I think you guys would really benefit from adding more topical peptides to your range

  9. Roy Davis –

    Very appreciative of the bacteriostatic water that comes free with some products. Very helpful

  10. Yu-jung Lin –

    Không có vấn đề với hải quan, sản phẩm tinh khiết và thật

  11. Joshue Salmon –

    Been with them since May. Had a few products come in that were broken. Vials and even the topical container were broken. I emailed with Taylor and within 15 minutes I had a new tracking number for a new shipment.

  12. Elie White –

    Got all my peptides in quickly and in good condition.

  13. Wendy Fields –

    They are very professional and a credible company. Have no issues with the quality of the peptides or billing.

  14. Hudson H. –

    Noticed they have really fast shipping! Even when you pay for the standard type maybe its the carrier but I got everything faster than expected.

  15. Gabriel Miller –

    They sell whats advertised and thats good quality peptides!

  16. Jon Harper –

    Highly recommened reaching out to them via phone for efficient and fast service.

  17. Noah White –

    Have great peptides. Been noticing a difference in my results, small but noticable.

  18. bobby jones –

    Very user-friendly site

  19. Emmet Downing –

    This is the most effective peptide I have found for my projects!

  20. Stephan P –

    After four orders, I can confidently say that the quality is consistent. So far, I have not been disappointed.

  21. Han patel –

    As soon as I realized anything was amiss with my payment, Danny got in touch with me. Because I didn’t have access to a computer at the time, they collected my money over the phone, which was convenient.

  22. John lee –

    I never experienced any of the problems mentioned in other reviews. In my opinion everything is safe and trustworthy

  23. Sam reyes –

    Company is great, I recommend them to anyone asking about a reliable peptide seller.

  24. David Loftin –

    Any questions you might have they have the answers. They are always prepared and have well-trained employees who know everything about the peptides

  25. Carson Ellsworth –

    Amazingly fast delivery

  26. Kody Jackson –

    I have been searching for this product for a while now and it is very hard to find. BP has an amazing pp selection to choose from

  27. Phil Morton –

    Had a lovely experience with Danny this morning. Danny was able to help with a credit card issue I was having. The site kept rejecting my payment option even though it’s listed that they accept it (Visa). After some frustration and more attempts I E-mailed them about the issue. Danny responded fairly quickly and worked to help figure out what the issue was. After a few more email’s he was able to get someone to fix the issue and I got my order in. Their IT guy told him there was some sort of error or problem going on with their site but first time I’ve experienced that.

  28. Rick Dawson –

    Got research-worthy results by using this product. Highly recommend

  29. Vince Vanderlinden –

    I have been researching depression for years now and the results I get from testing this peptide are very promising. Will definitely consider keeping BP as my top 3 peptide suppliers

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