Pinealon (20mg)

What is the Pinealon Peptide?

Pinealon is a short peptide comprising only three amino acids. It is one of the few synthetic peptides considered to be a peptide bioregulator as it appears to interact directly with DNA to alter gene expression levels. It may cause behavior modification and protect various cell types, including neurons against hypoxia. Pinealon has been studied for its potential to affects the pineal gland to address issues with medication metabolism, circadian rhythm disorders, memory, learning, and more. Pinealon, unlike most other peptides, does not appear to bind to the cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors. Testing in cell cultures (HeLa cells) has suggested that the peptide penetrates the cell membrane directly, and the nuclear membrane interacts with DNA.^[1] The researchers conclude that “The site-specific interactions of peptides with DNA can control epigenetically the cell genetic functions, and they seem to play an important role in regulation of gene activity even at the earliest stages of life origin and in evolution.” Thus it may act as a regulator of gene expression and mediates myriad cellular effects.

Specifications

AKA: Glutamylaspartylarginine, T-33 peptide

Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg

Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈

Molecular Weight: 418.407 g/mol

PubChem: 18220191

Reconstitution: Required

Pinealon Research

Pinealon and Aging
Pinealon may have anti-aging effects on the central nervous system. It appears to be anabolic in the brain and may reduce the rate of aging when examined by biological age indicators.^[2] Pinealon appears to influence other tissues as well, such as muscles, by seemingly altering Irisin expression. Irisin protects muscle cells during exercise, enhances fat burning, and triggers telomere elongation.^[3] The peptide thus has the potential to protect the telomere and help overcome the effects of aging and oxidative stress. Interestingly, Irisin active outside muscles, leading scientists to theorize about Pinealon’s potential to regulate aging all over our body.

Pinealon and Neuron Protection
Research studies observe that Pinealon may protect neurons against oxidative stress in rats, enhancing cognitive function and motor coordination.^[4] According to the researchers, these “experiments allowed confirming the neuroprotective properties of pinealon, which is in agreement with the previous data obtained by us in vitro.” The study noted a significant reduction in both reactive oxygen species accumulation and necrotic cells in animal brains.
The peptide may have the potential to protect proliferation pathways to modify the cell cycle as part of its protection against cell death.^[5] Under oxidative stress, this effect controls the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. It also increases the resistance of neurons to hypoxic stress through activation of innate anti-oxidative enzyme systems and reducing the excitotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that can be neurotoxic. Irisin levels in the central nervous system induce genes in the hippocampus that are important to memory, learning, and overall neuron health. Exercise directly improves levels of Irisin in the brain, thus associating physical activity and cognition.

Pinealon and Depression
The peptide may promote the expression of 5-tryptophan hydroxylase via epigenetic changes in brain cortex cells. 5-tryptophan hydroxylase is crucial for the production and secretion of serotonin.^[6] This peptide shows the potential for neuroprotective and geroprotective features and is the most common target of anti-depressive medications called selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Pinealon may therefore provide a healthier alternative to boost serotonin compared to SSRIs.

Pinealon and Caspase-3, Cell Death
Researchers suggest that the peptide may alter cytokine signaling, which causes an increase in levels of the caspase-3 enzyme. Caspase-3 is directly initiating apoptosis through genetic instruction.^[7] By regulating caspase-3, Pinealon may block at least one pathway to cell death and thereby control the effects of oxygen deprivation during a stroke. The peptide may also reduce caspase-3 levels following myocardial infarction. The short peptide may have applications in treating heart attacks and controlling the long-term remodeling that causes dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Pinealon also appears to promote cell proliferation in young and old animals by blocking apoptosis in skin cells. This increases the regenerative process and offsets age-related pathology in the skin. Pinealon may eventually form part of a multi-faceted approach to wound healing and could apply everything from sun protection to serious burn treatment.

Pinealon and Sleep Regulation
It does not come as a surprise that Pinealon may affect both the sleep-wake cycle and sleep behavior. Research indicates that Pinealon may help control the dysfunction caused by shift work and other activities (e.g., long-distance travel) that interfere with normal sleep patterns. The peptide appears to reset the pineal gland to baseline in the setting of circadian rhythm disruption, improving sleep, depression, mood, blood pressure, etc.^[8] The ability to regulate sleep is associated strongly with rates of aging. Disturbed sleep is extremely hazardous to the body and affects cognition, cardiac health, wound healing, mood, and more. Pinealon may help reduce the impact of sleep disturbance and thereby offset its effects on aging. This could be beneficial to those forced into disorder sleep due to their jobs and individuals suffering from an organic disease that impacts sleep-wake cycles. Experimental studies report that Pinealon appears to exhibit minimal side effects and low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice is not equivalent to humans.

References