Thymalin (25mg)

Thymalin Peptide

Thymalin, sometimes referred to as Thymalin Alpha 1, is the synthetic variant of the endogenous Thymulin, which was first isolated from the thymus in 1977. The naturally produced Thymalin has been researched for its potential in a wide landscape of research areas, including its possible regulatory action on inflammation, mitigation of pain perception, its potential neuroprotective characteristics, and immune function support. Early studies have suggested that Thymalin and other thymus and pineal gland secretions may also support cell longevity.

Specifications

Other Known Titles: Nonathymulin, Thymic Factor, Serum Thymic Factor, Thymalin Alpha 1

Molecular Formula: C₃₃H₅₄N₁₂O₁₅

Molecular Weight: 858.9 g/mol

Sequence: Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn

Thymalin Research

Thymalin and Cell Longevity
Research in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century led scientists to hypothesize that Thymalin may potentially normalize various baseline functions. The research models observed in the study reportedly exhibited improved cardiovascular, immune, and nervous system function. Improved metabolism and a trend toward homeostasis typical of a younger organism were reportedly observed in them. Overall, a significant reduction in acute respiratory disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and symptoms of arthritis was observed. The research models exposed to Thymalin over the course of the study exhibited an apparent 2-fold reduction in mortality rate compared to controls.^[1] Thymalin appears to act synergistically with certain thymic and pineal gland isolates, potentially controlling mortality rate by up to 4-fold when combined with Epithalmin. Both the thymus and pineal glands are associated with cell aging. During optimal functioning the pineal gland is considered to protect the thymus from the degenerative action of aging cells.

Thymalin and Immune System Functionality
Thymalin studies suggest the peptide may potentially modify cellular immunity and levels of lymphocytes and thereby may regulate T-cell differentiation and natural killer (NK) cell activity. It may be relevant in research of chronic conditions like diabetes, which may tend to diminish immune power. Researchers have suggested that the peptide may potentially improve immune correction, T cell proliferation, and control of retinal inflammation, and in research within the context of diabetes, it may reduce the progression of diabetic retinopathy.^[2] This same characteristic is suggested in the chronic immunodeficiency/immune dysregulation in cases of HIV. Research studies employing the combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and Thymalin appeared to have mitigated or reversed damage to the immune system and improved the numbers of CD4+ T-cells in the research models of HIV. Additional studies indicated that the peptide may have mitigated the onset of physiological changes, improved immune function, and lowered outcome of infection following the surgical removal of the thymus. The rats reportedly exhibited a decline in thymic function, weight loss, and a decrease in cell proliferation. Following peptide exposure, the peptide reportedly supported the functioning of the research models despite the surgical removal.

Nonathymulin Research and Cancer
Research in mice suggests that Thymalin may act synergistically with pulsed laser radiation studied in the context of certain types of cancer. Neodymium lasers are frequently used to mitigate and prevent cancerous and precancerous skin lesions (including melanoma) with moderate to high success rates. The technique is considered to be employed specifically in cases of metastasis. A combination of Thymalin and radiation may be synergistic as the peptide appears to impact the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen. It is thought that this may have a greater suppressive impact on the tumor and attain higher remission rates. Studies suggest Nonathymulin may exhibit activity without the synergistic action of radiation. Research in rats observed that sub-therapeutic concentrations of the molecule appeared to block tumor growth in nearly 80% of examined cases and tumor regression in more than half of the animals in the experiment.^[3] According to the researchers, the “High efficiency of Thymalin can be attributed to the use of lower [concentrations] of the substance and their modulation during the treatment course in accordance with the regimes of activation therapy.” The peptide, when combined with plasmapheresis, exhibited potential for action against chronic lympholeukemia. The peptide/plasmapheresis combination appears to engage in hematological compensation, potentially more than standard chemotherapeutic agents. The combination also appeared to improve lymphoid activity.

Thymalin and Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a specific inflammatory condition of the skin and joints. A combination of standard compounds for psoriasis with Thymalin has yielded improved laboratory measures of the condition.^4] Researchers have suggested that Thymalin may have a measurable, observable influence on the status of the disease.

Thymalin and Tuberculosis Research
Research models of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis underwent standard antibiotic control procedures, or antibiotic procedures with the addition of Thymalin influence. The group receiving Thymalin were observed to hold a higher recovery rate than the control cohort. Customizing the combination in each individual model resulted in a reported ~95% cure rate.^[5] The peptide may have potential in research studies of compound-resistant tuberculosis. The cases of low T cell count and inferior blast transformation are considered to exhibit poor cellular immunity; which may be further aggravated in combination cases of diabetes. The peptide has been employed in studies related to these cases, with initial mitigatory findings.

Thymalin and Kidney Disease
Thymalin has been studied for its potential to improve the overall biological condition of research models of inflammatory kidney disease and chronic glomerulonephritis. In one Russian research study, the peptide was reported to enhance kidney function and blood indices of inflammation.^[6] Researchers reported there was an reported betterment of immunity, which appeared to have led to reduced kidney damage and delayed chances of dialysis/kidney transplant.

Thymalin and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances
Studies in rats have suggested that thymic factor alterations may cause changes in circadian rhythms leading to modified immunity. Seasonal changes in the day-night cycle can vary the peak levels of thymus function, thereby suppressing the immune system. Therefore the antibody levels may become modified. Studies suggested that use of the peptide did not reset the circadian changes but rather appeared to have boosted immune depletion.^[7] The researchers noted that “The chronic (18 mo) administration of thymus preparation thymalin increased FTS titer and promoted the appearance of the peak of antibodies”  suggesting the peptide may exhibit supportive activity in preventing infection.

Thymalin and Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis
As per research in rabbits, the peptide appears to potentially regulate lipid levels and mediate plaque removal from the arterial wall by lymphocytes. Thymalin may normalize T-cell suppressor activity and sensitivity, thus controlling or abolishing the immune dysfunction causing plaque formation.^[8] In short, Thymalin peptide may have the potential to overcome the dysfunction due to which immunity cannot control the onset of certain cardiac diseases.

General Research
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the gums and the allied oral structures. Nonathymulin has been studied for its potential influence in the reduction of inflammation and bacterial infections.^[10]

Severe emaciation may be induced by varying degrees of circulating thyroid hormones, and immune function and peripheral lymphocyte prevalence may be compromised. Thymalin exposure in animal models appeared to reverse thymic atrophy in this backdrop.^[11] These cases may require zinc supplementation as well to facilitate Thymalin activity, as researchers suggest the peptide function may be regulated by zinc.

Immune function may be influenced through Thymalin exposure. The peptide has been observed to improve T cell function and thus the various aspects of cellular immunity like infection, inflammation, cancer, and cardiac disease in research studies.

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