Fragment 176-191 (10mg)

Fragment 176-191 Peptide

Fragment 176-191 peptide (Frag 176-191) is a short growth hormone fragment, sometimes called the “lipolytic fragment.” The name was coined from initial research on animal models, which suggested that Fragment 176-191 holds the potential to enhance fat metabolism in genetically engineered obese murine models. Unfortunately, growth hormone in its full form (hGH) may suppress carbohydrate metabolism, alter sensitivity towards insulin, promote long bone growth, and heighten insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Extensive animal studies have suggested that the synthetic fragment may enhance the lipolytic action of growth hormone, potentially without inducing these aforementioned ancillary impacts.^[1] The peptide is also available in 5mg.

Specifications

Other Known Titles: Frag 176-191

Molecular Formula: C₇₈H₁₂₅N₂₃O₂₃S₂

Molecular Weight: 1817.1 g/mol

Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gin-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe

Fragment 176-191 Research

Fragment 176-191 and Structure
Fragment 176-191 is a small segment derived from the growth hormone (hGH), consisting of 16 amino acids. This segment represents the terminal 16 amino acids of the hGH molecule, which is hypothesized to function as the "lipolytic fragment" of hGH. The term "lipolytic" suggests that this fragment possesses attributes that promote the breakdown of fats. To potentially enhance the stability of this peptide, the initial amino acid in the sequence of hGH Fragment 176-191 has been substituted with tyrosine. Consequently, this modified peptide is also referred to as Fragment tyr-hGH 177-191 or AOD 9604. The addition of tyrosine at the N-terminus is believed to increase the peptide's stability. Moreover, there is suggestive data of a naturally occurring disulfide bond formed between two cysteine amino acids within both the original hGH and the hGH Fragment 176-191. This disulfide bond likely contributes to the structural integrity of the molecule, potentially enhancing its durability and ability to withstand degradation in various conditions, including exposure to stomach acids.^[2]

Fragment 176-191 and Fat Cells
The fat cell dissolution potential of Fragment 176-191 stems from the peptide’s potential to increase the production of beta-3 adrenergic receptors (3-AR or ADRB3). The presence of an increased number of beta-3 adrenergic receptors on the surface of adipocytes, or fat cells, may enhance the cells' responsiveness to lipolytic signals. This suggests that even if Fragment 176-191 does not directly engage beta-3 adrenergic receptors, the augmented receptor density may potentiate the inherent lipolytic response to endogenous catecholamines such as adrenaline, which are believed to directly stimulate these receptors. Additionally, Fragment 176-191 may potentially activate other cellular signaling pathways that indirectly promote fat metabolism. For instance, it might affect mechanisms that either increase the expression of enzymes critical to the lipolysis process, or augment the cellular response to lipolytic signals by modulating the activity of secondary messengers within the cell. In this context, lipolysis refers to the breakdown of fats within the adipocytes, primarily facilitated by lipolytic enzymes. Secondary messengers are molecules inside cells that amplify the signals from receptors on the cell surface to the biochemical machinery inside. This process is essential for coordinating complex cellular responses to external stimuli.

Research indicates that genetically modified mice that lack ADRB3 may be resistant to the action of hGH / Fragment 176-191, suggesting that this may indeed be the primary mechanism. In contrast, potential actions on lipolytic enzymes may play a secondary role.^[2] One experimental study observed that Fragment 176-191 exposure appeared to cause up to 50% weight reduction in obese mice over three weeks. Interestingly, the peptide appeared to mediate weight reduction only in obese mice but not in lean mice during the same span of exposure. The results suggest that there may be secondary pathways involved in energy homeostasis, which may be capable of maintaining fat reserve in lean mice by overriding ADRB3 pathway.^[3]

In the scientific community, further examination of this subject has been undertaken through controlled clinical experiments, notably the METAOD005 study. This particular study was designed to evaluate the potential adipose tissue reduction action of the peptide over a 12-week duration. Initial results appear to indicate that one of the Fragment 176-191 groups may have shown a significant decrease in body mass, with an average loss of around 5.7 pounds. Additionally, it was proposed that this peptide might also benefit lipid and glucose metabolism parameters, but more research is needed to fully investigate these hypotheses.^[4]

Fragment 176-191 and Hypoglycemia
The C terminal end of hGH principally has been considered to bring about hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) levels in the bodies of murine models. Screening of at least six different fragments obtained from the C terminal section of hGH has suggested that Fragment 176-191 may be an active synthetic derivative of hGH in research on blood sugar control. The hypoglycemic potential is secondary to maintaining an increased expression of insulin in blood plasma.^[4]

Fragment 176-191 and Cartilage
Experimental research in Fragment 176-191 suggests its potential in cartilage regeneration. Researchers engaged in the study of synthetic peptides suggest that they may bring about cartilage regeneration through hyaluronic acid. Research in rabbits has observed that weekly exposure to Fragment 176-191 appeared to improve cartilage growth (within laboratory measures), and its co-introduction with hyaluronic acid (HA) appeared to be even more impactful.^[5]

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References